Skelettstyrka

Skelettstyrka, or skeletal strength, describes the ability of bones to withstand mechanical loads and resist fracture under daily activities and higher stresses. It arises from a combination of bone mass, geometry, and material quality. In essence, a strong skeleton results from the amount of mineral content, the architecture of cortical and trabecular bone, and the quality of the bone matrix.

Key components include bone mineral density (BMD), which reflects mineral content; bone geometry, such as cross‑sectional area and cortical thickness; and bone quality, encompassing collagen integrity, mineralization, and microarchitectural organization. Together these factors determine how bones respond to stresses, whether through bending, twisting, or compression.

Clinical assessment often focuses on BMD, measured by dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results are summarized as T-scores or Z-scores, guiding classifications like osteoporosis or osteopenia. Additional imaging, such as quantitative computed tomography (QCT), can evaluate volumetric density and geometry. Fracture risk tools (for example, FRAX) combine BMD with clinical risk factors to estimate short‑term fracture probability.

Determinants of skelettstyrka include age, sex, hormones (especially estrogen and testosterone), nutrition (calcium and vitamin D), physical activity, and lifestyle factors like smoking and alcohol use. Diseases and medications (e.g., glucocorticoids) can also weaken bone.

Improving skeletal strength relies on regular weight‑bearing and resistance exercise, adequate nutrition, and fall‑risk reduction. When indicated, pharmacologic treatments may be used to preserve or increase bone mass and reduce fracture risk.