Sisekõrvaimplantaadi

Sisekõrvaimplantaat, also known as a cochlear implant, is a surgically implanted electronic device that provides a sense of sound to people who have severe to profound hearing loss. Unlike hearing aids, which amplify sound, a cochlear implant bypasses the damaged parts of the ear and directly stimulates the auditory nerve. This allows the brain to interpret signals as sound.

The cochlear implant has two main parts: an external component and an internal component. The external part consists of a microphone, a speech processor, and a transmitter. The microphone picks up sounds, and the speech processor converts these sounds into digital signals. The transmitter then sends these signals across the skin to the internal component. The internal component, surgically placed under the skin behind the ear, includes a receiver and a stimulator. The receiver picks up the signals from the transmitter and sends them to the stimulator. The stimulator then uses an electrode array, which is inserted into the cochlea (the inner ear), to generate electrical impulses. These impulses are sent to the auditory nerve, which carries them to the brain, where they are perceived as sound.

Cochlear implants are typically recommended for individuals with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss who do not benefit sufficiently from hearing aids. Candidacy is determined through a comprehensive audiological evaluation. The surgery involves placing the internal device and threading the electrode array into the cochlea. After a healing period, the external device is fitted and programmed. Rehabilitation and auditory training are crucial components of the process to help recipients learn to interpret the new sound information and develop listening skills. While cochlear implants can provide significant improvements in hearing and communication, the outcomes vary among individuals.