Silmänpohjat

Silmänpohjat, also known as the fundus, refers to the inner lining of the back of the eye. This crucial area includes the retina, the optic disc, and the macula. The retina is a light-sensitive tissue that contains photoreceptor cells, rods and cones, which convert light into electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve, allowing us to see.

The optic disc, often called the blind spot, is where the optic nerve exits the eye. It lacks photoreceptors, hence the name. The macula is a small, highly sensitive area in the center of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed central vision, essential for reading and recognizing faces.

Ophthalmologists examine the silmänpohjat during a routine eye exam using specialized instruments like an ophthalmoscope or a slit lamp. This examination allows them to assess the health of these vital structures and detect early signs of various eye conditions. Diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and hypertensive retinopathy can manifest changes in the silmänpohjat.

Changes in the silmänpohjat can include bleeding, swelling, abnormal blood vessel growth, or pigmentary changes. Early detection of these abnormalities through fundus examination is critical for timely intervention and management, potentially preserving vision and preventing irreversible damage. Therefore, regular eye check-ups are important for maintaining good eye health.