Sikhismus

Sikhismus, or Sikhism, is a monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of South Asia in the 15th century. It was founded by Guru Nanak and developed through nine successive Gurus, culminating in Guru Gobind Singh, who declared the Guru Granth Sahib, the canonical scripture, to be the eternal Guru in 1708. The faith emphasizes devotion to one God, equality of all humans, social justice, and honest living.

Core beliefs include Ik Onkar (one supreme reality), Nam Japna (remembering God), Kirat Karni (earning an honest living), and Vand Chhakna (sharing with others). The community gathers in gurdwaras, where the langar meal is served and Scripture is read from the Guru Granth Sahib. Sikhs follow the Five Ks (Kesh, Kangha, Kachera, Kara, Kirpan) and, for initiated Sikhs, the Khalsa, established by Guru Gobind Singh to uphold discipline and justice.

Scripture and authority: The Guru Granth Sahib is treated as the eternal spiritual teacher, while the community emphasizes service, humility, and the rejection of caste distinctions. Symbols such as the Khanda and the Nishan Sahib appear in gurdwaras. Daily practices include prayer, congregational worship, and community service.

Geographic and demographic notes: Sikhism is concentrated in Punjab, India, with significant populations in India and large diasporas in the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, and beyond. Major observances include Vaisakhi and Gurpurabs commemorating the Gurus’ lives.