Siitepölyruokaristireaktiot

Siitepölyruokaristireaktiot, often referred to as oral allergy syndrome (OAS), are a common allergic reaction that occurs when a person allergic to certain airborne pollens consumes raw fruits, vegetables, or nuts. The immune system mistakenly identifies proteins in these foods as similar to the pollen proteins it is already sensitized to. This cross-reactivity leads to an immediate, localized reaction primarily in the mouth and throat.

Symptoms of siitepölyruokaristireaktiot are typically mild and can include itching or tingling of the lips, mouth, tongue, and throat. Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat can also occur, as can a runny or stuffy nose. Some individuals may experience hives around the mouth. While usually not severe, OAS can be uncomfortable and may deter individuals from eating certain healthy foods.

The most common cross-reactivities involve birch pollen with apples, pears, stone fruits (like peaches and cherries), and nuts (like almonds and hazelnuts). Grass pollen allergies can be associated with reactions to melons, tomatoes, and citrus fruits. Ragweed pollen allergies may link to reactions with bananas and melons.

Cooking or processing the offending food often breaks down the cross-reactive proteins, making them safe to consume. Therefore, individuals with OAS can usually tolerate cooked fruits and vegetables without experiencing symptoms. Diagnosis is typically made based on a patient's history of symptoms and sometimes confirmed with skin prick tests or specific IgE blood tests. Management primarily involves avoiding raw trigger foods and, if necessary, antihistamines for symptom relief. In rare cases, more severe reactions can occur, necessitating prompt medical attention.