Sigmosektsioonis

Sigmosektsioonis, also known as sigmoidectomy, is a surgical procedure involving the removal of the sigmoid colon, which is the part of the large intestine closest to the rectum. This procedure is typically performed to treat various conditions affecting the sigmoid colon, such as diverticulitis, colorectal cancer, or severe cases of inflammatory bowel disease like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.

The sigmoid colon is named for its S-shaped configuration and is a common site for various pathological conditions due to its location and function. Diverticulitis, for instance, involves the inflammation or infection of small pouches (diverticula) that can form in the wall of the colon. When these pouches become infected or inflamed, they can cause significant pain and complications, necessitating surgical intervention.

Colorectal cancer is another condition that may require sigmoidectomy. The sigmoid colon is a frequent site for the development of colorectal cancer, and surgical removal of the affected segment is often part of the treatment plan. In cases of inflammatory bowel disease, severe or refractory symptoms may warrant the removal of the sigmoid colon to alleviate pain and improve quality of life.

The procedure can be performed either through open surgery or laparoscopically, depending on the patient's condition and the surgeon's preference. Laparoscopic sigmoidectomy involves smaller incisions and generally results in a quicker recovery time compared to open surgery. Postoperative care typically includes monitoring for complications such as infection, bleeding, and bowel obstruction, as well as managing pain and ensuring adequate nutrition.

Sigmoidectomy is generally considered a safe procedure, but like any surgery, it carries risks. Potential complications include infection, bleeding, and damage to nearby organs. Patients are advised to discuss the benefits and risks with their healthcare provider to make an informed decision about the procedure.