Sifones

Sifones, or siphons, are devices and natural mechanisms that enable liquids to move from a higher reservoir to a lower one by the siphon effect. They rely on a tube filled with the liquid, with one end in the source and the other in the destination. When primed, gravity and atmospheric pressure maintain continuous flow as long as the outlet remains below the source level and no air enters the tube. The maximum height of a water-based siphon is limited by atmospheric pressure, typically a practical limit of a few meters in ordinary conditions.

In plumbing, a siphon refers to the trap section of a drainage system beneath sinks and other fixtures. This curved pipe holds a small amount of water to create a seal that blocks sewer gases from entering a building while allowing wastewater to drain away. Common shapes include the U-bend and the P-trap, made from materials such as PVC or metal. Regular cleaning is important to prevent blockages and odors, and proper venting is essential to maintain the water seal.

In gastronomy, a siphon is a pressurized canister used to dispense foams, creams, or whipped toppings. Culinary siphons typically operate with nitrous oxide cartridges to create and maintain a light, aerated texture. They are used for desserts, sauces, and savory foams. Proper handling, cleaning after each use, and adherence to manufacturer temperatures and pressures are important for safety and performance.

Other applications of siphons include laboratory transfer hoses and various industrial piping systems that employ the same principle of gravity-driven flow and pressure differences. The concept dates back to ancient engineering and is named from the Greek siphon, meaning a tube or pipe.