Shishak

Shishak is a significant figure in ancient Egyptian history, generally identified with the pharaoh Shoshenq I, the founder of the Twenty-second Dynasty. He reigned during the Third Intermediate Period, a time of political fragmentation in Egypt. His reign is notable for a military campaign into the Levant, which is described in detail on the Bubastite Portal at the Temple of Karnak.

This inscription lists numerous cities and territories conquered by Shishak, providing valuable historical and geographical information about the region during the 10th century BCE. Biblical accounts in the books of Kings and Chronicles also mention a pharaoh named Shishak who attacked Judah and Jerusalem during the reign of Rehoboam, possibly referencing Shoshenq I's campaign.

The exact extent and impact of Shishak's campaign are subjects of scholarly debate. While the Karnak inscription suggests widespread success, some historians argue that the lists may represent tribute or areas of influence rather than direct military occupation. Nevertheless, Shishak's reign represents a period of renewed Egyptian influence in the Near East and a significant event in the history of both Egypt and ancient Israel. He is remembered as a powerful pharaoh who sought to reassert Egyptian dominance.