Jerusalem

Jerusalem is a city in the Judean Hills between the Mediterranean coast and the Dead Sea. It is a focal point of Judaism, Christianity and Islam and is widely regarded as one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities. Politically, it is administered by Israel as its capital, though its status is disputed internationally, and East Jerusalem is claimed by Palestinians for a future capital.

The city is known by Hebrew Yerushalayim and Arabic Al-Quds; in English it is Jerusalem. The names reflect its long history and diverse communities.

Historically, Jerusalem has been inhabited since the Bronze Age. It became the political and religious center of ancient Israel and Judah under David and Solomon, with the First Temple and later the Second Temple standing there. It was destroyed and rebuilt multiple times, and has been controlled by various empires, including the Babylonians, Persians, Romans, Byzantines, early Muslims, the Crusaders, the Ottomans, and the British.

Religious sites include the Western Wall, the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif, the Dome of the Rock, and Al-Aqsa Mosque for Muslims; and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre for Christians. These sites, together with the broader Old City, are central to religious life and heritage, and they attract pilgrims and visitors from around the world.

Demographics and governance: Jerusalem hosts a mixed Jewish and Palestinian Arab population, with most residents in West Jerusalem and a substantial Palestinian community in East Jerusalem. Since 1967 Israel has administered the entire city; East Jerusalem's status remains a core issue in peace negotiations.

Heritage and economy: The Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls is a UNESCO World Heritage Site (inscribed 1981). The city is a cultural and educational hub with universities, museums and a significant tourism sector.