Shanxi

Shanxi is a landlocked province in northern China. It borders Inner Mongolia to the north, Hebei to the east, Henan to the south, and Shaanxi to the west. The name Shanxi (山西) means “west of the mountains.” The capital is Taiyuan.

Geography and climate: The province sits on a mix of mountains and plateaus, with the Taihang and Lüliang ranges running through it. The Yellow River forms part of its northern boundary. The terrain transitions from the Loess Plateau in the east to uplands in the west, and the climate is temperate with cold winters.

History and culture: The region was part of the ancient Jin state during the Spring and Autumn period. Shanxi preserves numerous cultural sites, including Pingyao Ancient City, a UNESCO World Heritage Site; the Yungang Grottoes near Datong; Mount Wutai, a prominent Buddhist site; and the Hanging Monastery near Datong.

Economy: Shanxi is one of China's leading coal-producing regions, and energy and heavy industry have long dominated its economy. In recent years it has sought to diversify into metallurgy, manufacturing, and services, while addressing environmental concerns and transitioning workers toward new industries.

Administrative divisions and demographics: The province is divided into 11 prefecture-level cities: Taiyuan, Datong, Yangquan, Changzhi, Jincheng, Jinzhong, Linfen, Lüliang, Yuncheng, Xinzhou, and Shuozhou. The population is predominantly Han Chinese, with minority communities represented in various areas.