Sequoias

Sequoias are a common name for two living conifers native to western North America: the coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and the giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum). They belong to different genera within the cypress family and occupy distinct ecological ranges. Coast redwoods are among the tallest trees in the world, while giant sequoias are among the most massive by volume.

Coast redwoods grow along the foggy, humid coast of northern California to southern Oregon. They can exceed 100 meters in height, with the tallest around 115 meters (379 feet). They have thick, reddish bark, slender evergreen needles, and small cones. They can live for many centuries to over a thousand years.

Giant sequoias inhabit the Sierra Nevada at elevations roughly 1,500 to 2,400 meters. They are not as tall as coast redwoods but can reach great trunk diameters; the largest by volume is the General Sherman Tree. Giant sequoias are very long-lived, often many centuries, and regeneration is aided by periodic fires, which open cones and reduce competition. Their bark is thick and fire resistant.

Conservation and threats: Both species occur in protected areas such as national and state parks. They face drought, wildfire, pests, and climate change. Fire suppression and habitat fragmentation can hinder regeneration. Sequoias remain symbols of forest health and biodiversity and are the subject of ongoing research and conservation efforts.