Sequins

Sequins are small, shiny, disc-shaped decorations used to embellish fabric and accessories. They are typically flat and circular, with one or more holes through which thread or a sewing machine can pass. Sequins are designed to reflect light, creating a sparkling surface on garments, costumes, and crafts. Modern sequins are usually made of plastic with a metallic foil coating, though metal or glass sequins have historical use in some regions. Sizes commonly range from about 2 to 8 millimeters in diameter; larger disk shapes known as paillettes are used for bolder effects.

History and origins: Decorative discs sewn onto clothing have appeared in various cultures for centuries. Modern mass-produced sequins emerged in the 20th century, enabling widespread use in fashion, theater, and crafts. The technology allows rapid application and a wide range of finishes, from traditional metallic tones to iridescent and matte options.

Construction and varieties: Most sequins feature a central hole for sewing; some have two holes or multiple attachment points for extra security. Flat sequins lie close to the fabric, while cupped varieties reflect light from a slight lift. Paillettes are larger, sometimes with different shapes or edge attachments. Finishes include metallic foils, holographic coatings, and matte paints.

Uses and care: Sequins are common on evening wear, bridal gowns, dance costumes, and performance outfits, as well as accessories and crafts. They can be sewn by hand or machine-sewn, or attached with heat-activated adhesives on some fabrics. Care involves gentle washing and avoiding high heat, which can melt plastic or loosen attachments.

Manufacturing notes: Sequins are typically produced by punching discs from foil-coated plastic or metal sheets, then applying protective coatings and punching holes for attachment. The variety in size, color, and finish supports a wide range of decorative effects.