Sensorivõrkudes

Sensorivõrkudes, often translated as sensor networks, refers to a distributed system of spatially dispersed and dedicated devices known as sensors that monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, motion, or pollutants. These sensors collect data cooperatively and relay it to a main location or a central system for processing and analysis. The core components of a sensor network typically include sensor nodes, which are responsible for sensing and processing data, and a gateway or sink node, which aggregates the data from the sensor nodes and forwards it to the user or a database.

The development of sensor networks has been driven by advancements in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), wireless communication technologies, and low-power electronics. These networks can operate autonomously and are often deployed in environments where traditional wired networks are impractical or impossible to install, such as in remote natural reserves, battlefields, or within the human body. Applications span a wide range of fields including environmental monitoring, industrial automation, healthcare, and smart home technologies.

Key challenges in sensor networks include limited power supply, which necessitates energy-efficient protocols and hardware, as well as the management of large volumes of data generated by numerous nodes. Security and reliability are also critical considerations, especially for applications where data integrity is paramount. Research continues to focus on improving network lifetime, data accuracy, and developing more sophisticated data processing techniques.