Semontmanouvre

Semont maneuver, also known as the Semont liberatory maneuver, is a repositioning procedure used to treat benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), particularly canalithiasis of the posterior semicircular canal. It was developed by the French physician Adolphe Semont in the late 20th century. The maneuver aims to move loose otoconia (calcium carbonate crystals) out of the posterior canal and into the utricle where they do not provoke vertigo.

The procedure relies on rapid, controlled movements of the head and body to use gravity to relocate the canaliths. Usually performed by a trained clinician, the patient is guided through a sequence of side-lying positions, with the head turned to help mobilize the debris. Each position is held briefly to allow the otoconia to move, and the sequence is repeated to facilitate clearance from the canal.

Indications and safety: The Semont maneuver is most commonly used for posterior canal BPPV caused by canalithiasis. It can provide rapid relief for some patients, but it may be uncomfortable and requires careful execution. Contraindications include cervical spine disease or injury, significant neck instability, severe vertigo, or other conditions that make rapid head movement unsafe. Side effects can include transient dizziness or nausea; as with other vestibular maneuvers, it should be performed under professional supervision.

Relation to other treatments: The Semont maneuver is one of several canalith repositioning procedures, alongside the Epley maneuver and the Brandt-Daroff exercises. Choice of maneuver depends on canal involved, patient tolerance, and clinical judgment.