SemmesWeinsteinMonofilamente

Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments are a standardized set of nylon filaments used to assess cutaneous pressure sensation. Each filament is calibrated to bend at a specific force, enabling clinicians to gauge tactile thresholds and protective sensation of the skin, most commonly on the plantar surface of the foot. They are designed to be simple, portable, and inexpensive tools for bedside testing.

The method was developed in the 1960s by researchers including Semmes and Weinstein and has since become a standard neurocutaneous exam in multiple medical disciplines, particularly podiatry, neurology, and diabetes care. The test is widely used to detect sensory impairment that may predispose to foot ulcers and other complications.

During testing, a filament is applied perpendicular to the skin and pressed until it bends, typically held for about one to two seconds. This is repeated at predefined sites on the foot (for example, the toes and plantar metatarsal heads). The patient indicates whether the sensation is felt. Filaments of increasing force are used to determine the sensation threshold, and outcomes are interpreted in the context of protecting sensation and neuropathy risk.

Clinical use focuses on screening for peripheral neuropathy, especially in people with diabetes, but it can be applied to other conditions causing sensory loss. The test is valued for its simplicity and low cost but requires proper technique and examiner training. Limitations include the influence of callused or edematous skin, and the need to use the test in conjunction with other assessments for a comprehensive neuropathy evaluation.