Scoperanging

Scoperanging is the practice of using a riflescope to estimate the distance to a target and determine the appropriate holdover or elevation to engage it. It relies on the reticle’s subtensions—such as mil-dots or minute-of-angle markings—to translate apparent target size or angular spacing into a range estimate or ballistic solution. Shooters may determine range by comparing a known-size feature to the reticle, applying stadia or stadiametric methods, or using reticles designed to provide range cues for common distances.

Two common approaches are mil-based and MOA-based systems. Mil-based reticles use milliradian markers to estimate range from target height or width, while MOA-based reticles use one-minute-of-angle divisions. Some scopes incorporate ballistic calculators or pair with external devices to compute holdover automatically.

History and use: Scoperanging grew with the adoption of optical sights in the 20th century and has been widely used by military snipers, law enforcement marksmen, hunters, and sport shooters. Accuracy depends on accurate target size estimation, correct ballistic data, consistent positioning, and environmental conditions such as wind, temperature, and altitude.

Limitations and safety: Ranging by reticle is approximate and subject to error; it complements but does not replace rangefinding tools and solid field estimation. Legal and safety considerations apply to the use of firearms and optical devices, varying by jurisdiction.

See also: rangefinding, ballistic calculator, mil-dot reticle, stadia reticle.