Schwangerschaftskomplikationen

Schwangerschaft, or pregnancy in German, is the condition of carrying one or more developing embryos or fetuses from fertilization to birth. In medical terms, gestational age is counted from the first day of the last menstrual period, with a typical full-term pregnancy lasting about 40 weeks (roughly nine months). It is commonly divided into three trimesters: first (weeks 1–12), second (weeks 13–26), and third (weeks 27–40).

Prenatal care includes regular medical visits, screening tests, and ultrasound to monitor fetal development and maternal health. Folic acid supplementation before conception and during early pregnancy reduces neural tube defects. Vaccinations, such as influenza and pertussis, are recommended in some cases. Avoiding alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs; limiting caffeine; and managing chronic conditions are advised.

Common symptoms include nausea, fatigue, breast tenderness, and frequent urination; pregnancy experiences vary. Warning signs requiring urgent medical attention include heavy vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, swelling of the hands or face, severe headaches, or decreased fetal movement.

Possible complications include miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, placenta previa or placental abruption, and preterm labor. Risk factors vary and may include age, prior obstetric history, multiple gestation, and certain medical conditions. Early detection through prenatal screening helps manage risks.

Delivery planning involves choosing a birth setting, considerations for pain relief, and potential cesarean section. After birth, newborn screening and immunizations are common, and many mothers begin breastfeeding. Access to prenatal education and social support can influence outcomes.