Schwammknochen

Schwammknochen, also known as cancellous bone or spongy bone, is a highly porous type of bone tissue found at the ends of long bones, as well as in the pelvis, ribs, skull, and vertebrae of vertebrates. It is characterized by its three-dimensional network of interconnected struts and plates called trabeculae. This structure creates a lightweight yet strong framework that is able to withstand significant stress.

The spaces within the trabecular network are filled with bone marrow, which plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis, the production of blood cells. The trabecular arrangement is not random; it adapts to the mechanical loads placed upon the bone, optimizing its strength and resilience. This dynamic remodeling process is governed by mechanical forces and hormonal signals.

Compared to compact bone, which forms the outer layer of bones, schwammknochen has a lower mineral density and is more metabolically active. Its high surface area makes it an important site for calcium and phosphate exchange within the body. The porous nature of schwammknochen contributes to the overall lightness of the skeleton, which is essential for locomotion. Its presence is a key feature of vertebrate skeletal anatomy, providing both structural support and a vital site for blood cell formation.