Schilddrüsenmedikationen

Schilddrüsenüberfunktion, also known as hyperthyroidism, is a medical condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, is responsible for regulating metabolism through the hormones it produces. When these hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), are released in excess, it can lead to a range of symptoms.

Common causes of hyperthyroidism include Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, stimulating it to overproduce hormones. Another cause is toxic nodular goiter, characterized by one or more nodules in the thyroid gland that become overactive and produce excess hormones independently. Thyroiditis, an inflammation of the thyroid, can also temporarily cause hyperthyroidism due to the release of stored hormones.

Symptoms of Schilddrüsenüberfunktion can vary but often include unintended weight loss, rapid or irregular heartbeat (palpitations), nervousness, irritability, tremors (usually in the hands), increased sweating, and heat intolerance. People may also experience changes in bowel patterns, fatigue, muscle weakness, and changes in menstrual cycles in women. In some cases, particularly with Graves' disease, eye problems like bulging eyes (exophthalmos) can occur.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels (TSH, T4, and T3), and sometimes imaging tests like a thyroid scan or ultrasound. Treatment options depend on the cause and severity and may include antithyroid medications to reduce hormone production, radioactive iodine therapy to destroy overactive thyroid cells, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. Untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to serious complications, including heart problems and osteoporosis.