Scalopus

Scalopus is a small genus of fossorial mammals in the mole family Talpidae. It comprises the eastern mole, Scalopus aquaticus, as its sole living species. Members are adapted to a subterranean lifestyle, with powerful forelimbs, broad claws, and a velvety coat that lies in any direction to enable movement through soil.

Scalopus aquaticus is native to eastern North America, ranging from southern Canada through the eastern United States to parts of the Gulf Coast. It prefers moist, loamy soils found in woodlands, fields, and well-watered lawns, where it constructs extensive underground tunnel networks and surface runways used for foraging and movement.

Physically, it measures about 14–17 cm in body length with a short tail and weighs around 60–120 g. Fur is dense and smooth; eyes are small and largely hidden; ears are not visible. The forefeet are shovel-shaped with enlarged claws for digging, and the snout is highly sensitive for detecting prey.

Ecologically, Scalopus aquaticus is primarily insectivorous, feeding on earthworms, grubs, and other invertebrates found in soil. It is a solitary, mostly nocturnal or crepuscular animal that constructs and inhabits underground burrow systems. Activity can be year-round, with higher activity in moist conditions after rainfall.

Reproduction occurs in spring. Females produce litters typically ranging from two to five young after a gestation of roughly 40 to 60 days. Juveniles become independent within several weeks of birth.

Conservation status: The species is not considered threatened and has a wide distribution. The IUCN lists Scalopus aquaticus as Least Concern.