Satelliitsideni

Satelliitsideni is an Estonian-language term used to describe satellite-mediated connectivity and the broader concept of routing communications via satellites. The term is common in telecommunications, network planning, and policy discussions to distinguish satellite paths from terrestrial networks.

Explanation and scope: In practice, satelliitsideni refers to the use of satellites—whether in geostationary, medium Earth orbit, or low Earth orbit—to provide transmission links for data, voice, and video. This includes satellite internet services, broadcast distribution, and machine-to-machine communications. Systems commonly described with this term include satellite ground terminals, uplink/downlink stations, transponders, and satellite payloads, as well as the ground network that connects users to the satellite link.

Technologies: GEO satellites offer wide coverage with moderate latency; LEO and MEO constellations provide lower latency and higher throughput, often for broadband and IoT. Interfaces use RF links in C, Ku, K, and Ka bands, with standard modem equipment and user terminals.

Applications: Rural and maritime connectivity, aviation, disaster response, military and governmental communications, and backhaul for cellular networks.

Advantages and challenges: Satellite-backed networks can reach remote areas and provide redundancy, but face higher latency (especially GEO), higher equipment costs, weather sensitivity, and regulatory constraints in spectrum licensing and orbital management.

History and regulation: Satellite communications emerged in the 1960s; governing frameworks fall under international bodies like the ITU, with national licensing regulating operation and spectrum use.

See also: Satellite communication, Satellite internet, Global Positioning System, ITU.