Sarin

Sarin, isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate, is a highly toxic organophosphorus nerve agent in the G-series. It was developed in Germany in the late 1930s by chemist Gerhard Schrader and colleagues as part of chemical warfare research. Under the Chemical Weapons Convention, sarin is classified as a Schedule 1 substance, reflecting its high misuse potential and limited legitimate use.

Mechanism: Sarin inhibits acetylcholinesterase, causing accumulation of acetylcholine at muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. This cholinergic crisis produces sweating, salivation, lacrimation, bronchial secretions, miosis, abdominal cramps, muscle fasciculations, seizures, and potentially respiratory failure.

Exposure and onset: It can be inhaled as a vapor or absorbed through the skin. Symptoms may appear within seconds to minutes, and even tiny doses can be fatal without rapid treatment.

Treatment and decontamination: Immediate decontamination with soap and water and removal of contaminated clothing. Medical management includes atropine to block muscarinic effects, pralidoxime to reactivate acetylcholinesterase, benzodiazepines for seizures, and supportive care.

Regulation and incidents: Sarin is prohibited under the Chemical Weapons Convention. It has been cited in international incidents, most notably the 1995 Tokyo subway attack. International bodies monitor compliance to prevent development, production, stockpiling, or use.