Saphen

Saphen is a term that generally refers to veins of the leg, particularly those that are superficial. The most commonly referenced saphenous veins are the great saphenous vein and the small saphenous vein. These are important venous structures in the circulatory system, responsible for returning deoxygenated blood from the leg back to the heart. The great saphenous vein is the longest vein in the body, running along the medial side of the leg. The small saphenous vein runs along the posterior side of the leg.

Both saphenous veins play a significant role in venous drainage. They originate from venous networks in the foot and ascend through the leg, eventually draining into the deep venous system. The great saphenous vein empties into the femoral vein in the groin, while the small saphenous vein typically drains into the popliteal vein behind the knee. These superficial veins have numerous perforating veins that connect them to the deeper veins of the leg, facilitating the overall flow of blood.

Due to their superficial location, saphenous veins are susceptible to various medical conditions. Varicose veins, a common condition characterized by swollen, twisted veins, often develop in the saphenous veins. These veins are also frequently used in surgical procedures, such as coronary artery bypass grafting, where a segment of the saphenous vein is harvested to replace a blocked coronary artery. Medical professionals commonly refer to these veins by their Latin names, vena saphena magna for the great saphenous vein and vena saphena parva for the small saphenous vein.