Sanitarian

A sanitarian is a public health professional who concentrates on environmental health and sanitation. They work to prevent illness and injury related to food, water, housing, and other environmental factors. Sanitarians are employed by local, state, or national health departments, as well as private organizations and educational institutions, and may operate at inspection, compliance, or policy levels. In many regions the term is used interchangeably with environmental health inspector or environmental health specialist.

Core duties include inspecting restaurants, schools, healthcare facilities, day cares, hotels, pools, and housing to ensure compliance with sanitation codes and disease-prevention standards. They issue permits, enforce regulations, and investigate complaints or suspected health hazards. They collect samples for laboratory analysis, advise on corrective actions, conduct outbreak investigations, and coordinate vector control or waste-management programs. They also provide public education on topics such as safe food handling, drinking-water safety, and housing conditions.

Education and credentials vary by country and region. Most sanitarians hold a bachelor’s degree in environmental health, public health, or a related field. Professional certification—such as the Registered Environmental Health Specialist/Technician (REHS/RS) credential offered by the National Environmental Health Association in the United States—is common and may be required for advancement. Ongoing training and state or provincial licensure are often required to maintain employment.