Sangay

Sangay refers to both the Sangay stratovolcano and the surrounding Sangay National Park in central Ecuador. The volcano is one of the region’s most active volcanic features, with ongoing eruptions and a dynamic landscape shaped by lava flows and ash emissions. The park that bears its name protects a wide range of habitats and geological features, from tropical forests at lower elevations to high Andean zones near the summit, including glaciated areas and volcanic terrain.

Geography and ecology parks: Sangay National Park lies on the eastern and western slopes of the central Andes and extends toward the Amazon basin in its lower reaches. The terrain features volcanic cones, lava fields, river systems, and a mosaic of ecosystems that support high biodiversity. The area is home to several large mammals such as jaguar and spectacled bear, as well as diverse birdlife including the Andean condor. The park functions as an important watershed, feeding rivers that sustain both ecosystems and nearby communities.

Protection and significance: The protected area was established to preserve the volcanic landscapes, biodiversity, and hydrological networks of the region. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for its natural value. Because of its remote location and ongoing volcanic activity, access is limited and typically regulated, with scientific research and controlled ecotourism being the primary human activities. Ongoing conservation challenges include climate change, surrounding land-use pressures, and the hazards associated with volcanic processes.