Sandliavimo

Sandliavimo is a surface finishing and cleaning technique in which abrasive media are propelled at high speed to remove contaminants, coatings, or corrosion, or to texture a surface. It is used on metals, glass, wood, and stone. The abrasives are driven by compressed air or a wheel-blast system, and the impacts abrade the substrate. Media choices include silica sand, garnet, aluminum oxide, glass beads, and plastic particles, each producing different textures and finishes.

Origin and use: Sandliavimo developed with industrial coating removal and surface preparation needs in the 19th and 20th centuries. It is widely used in manufacturing, automotive restoration, shipyards, architecture, and art. In some contexts, the term refers to sandblasting in general.

Technique and control: Operators select media, blasting pressure, nozzle size, stand-off distance, and traverse pattern to achieve the desired result. Typical steps include masking areas, blasting to remove coatings or corrosion, and finishing with priming or painting. Decorative blasting can texture glass and metal.

Safety and environmental impact: The process creates dust and spent media. Inhalation of fine particles, especially crystalline silica, poses health risks; PPE such as respirators, eye protection, gloves, and hearing protection is required, along with ventilation and dust collection. Proper media disposal is essential.

Modern developments: Safer media and closed-loop systems reduce health risks and environmental impact. Robotic blasting improves consistency and efficiency, while standards guide surface preparation for coatings, restoration, and art projects.