Samarangana

Samarangana is an ancient Indian architectural treatise attributed to King Bhoja of the Paramara dynasty, who ruled during the 11th century CE. The text represents one of the most comprehensive works on Indian architecture and construction principles from the medieval period.

The treatise covers a wide range of topics including temple architecture, town planning, construction techniques, and decorative arts. It provides detailed descriptions of various building types, from residential structures to elaborate temples, along with specifications for materials, measurements, and aesthetic proportions. The work also discusses the integration of architecture with sculpture and painting, reflecting the holistic approach to artistic creation in ancient India.

Samarangana is notable for its systematic organization and technical precision. The text demonstrates advanced understanding of structural engineering, acoustics, and spatial design principles. It includes mathematical calculations for determining proportions and discusses the symbolic significance of architectural elements within Hindu cosmology.

The treatise exists in multiple manuscript versions, with scholarly editions published in the early 20th century. While some portions remain fragmentary, the surviving text provides valuable insights into medieval Indian architectural theory and practice. It complements other ancient Indian architectural texts like the Shilpa Shastras and Vastu Shastra traditions.

Modern scholars recognize Samarangana as an important historical document for understanding the evolution of Indian architecture. The work influenced subsequent architectural developments and continues to be referenced by historians, architects, and researchers studying traditional Indian building practices. Its emphasis on harmony between structural functionality and spiritual symbolism reflects core principles of Indian architectural philosophy that have endured across centuries.