Sabbatarianism

Sabbatarianism is a religious practice centered around the observance of the Sabbath, traditionally defined as the seventh day of the week (Saturday in most traditions) as a day of rest, worship, and spiritual reflection. The term originates from the Hebrew word *shabbat*, meaning "rest" or "cessation," which is central to Jewish tradition and later influenced Christian and other religious observances.

In Judaism, the Sabbath is a commandment (one of the Ten Commandments) and is observed from sunset on Friday evening until nightfall on Saturday. This day is dedicated to refraining from work, engaging in prayer, studying sacred texts, and spending time with family. The practice emphasizes rest as both a physical and spiritual necessity, fostering a connection to God and the divine order of creation.

Christian Sabbatarianism emerged in the early church, with some groups, such as the Seventh-day Adventists, arguing that the Sabbath should be observed on Saturday rather than Sunday, which became the dominant Christian practice in the fourth century. These groups often cite Old Testament passages, such as Exodus 20:8–11, as justification for their observance. Other Christian denominations, such as the Church of God (Anderson), also maintain Sabbatarian traditions.

Beyond Judaism and Christianity, Sabbatarianism has influenced other faiths, including some branches of Islam and indigenous traditions that emphasize weekly rest days. The practice is not universally accepted, as many religious communities observe Sunday or other days for worship and rest, often tied to historical, cultural, or liturgical developments.

Critics of Sabbatarianism sometimes argue that its strict adherence to the Sabbath can be restrictive or impractical in modern life, while proponents view it as a sacred tradition that preserves spiritual discipline and communal identity. The observance remains a significant aspect of religious identity for those who follow it, reflecting deeper theological and cultural commitments.