Saarenmaa

Saarenmaa is the largest island of Estonia, located in the Baltic Sea off the western coast of mainland Estonia. It is part of the West Estonian archipelago. The island is administratively part of Saare County, of which it forms the majority of the land area. Its capital and largest town is Kuressaare.

The island has a varied landscape, characterized by rocky shores, forests, and bogs. A significant portion of Saarenmaa is covered by forest, which is a vital habitat for various wildlife. The coastline is dotted with numerous bays, peninsulas, and smaller islets. Geologically, the island is known for the Kaali meteorite craters, a group of impact craters formed by a meteorite impact around 4,000 years ago. The largest and most prominent is the Kaali meteorite crater itself, which is a protected natural monument.

Historically, Saarenmaa has been inhabited for thousands of years. Its strategic location has made it a point of interest and conflict throughout history, with periods of Danish, Swedish, and Russian rule. This history is reflected in the island's architecture, including the medieval Kuressaare Episcopal Castle, which is one of the best-preserved medieval castles in Estonia.

The island's economy has traditionally been based on agriculture, fishing, and forestry. In recent decades, tourism has become increasingly important, attracting visitors with its natural beauty, historical sites, and the unique atmosphere of its rural communities. Saarenmaa is also known for its local traditions and crafts, as well as its production of local food and beverages. The island is connected to the mainland by a causeway and a ferry service.