SPIKESModell

The SPIKES protocol is a structured method for delivering bad news in a clinical setting. Developed by Baile and Buckman, SPIKES is an acronym representing six key steps designed to guide healthcare professionals through these difficult conversations.

The first step, setting, emphasizes preparing the environment and ensuring privacy and adequate time for the discussion. Perception involves understanding what the patient already knows or suspects about their condition. Invitation is about asking the patient how much information they wish to receive. Knowledge is the step where the clinician clearly and gently communicates the diagnosis and prognosis, avoiding jargon and checking for understanding. Emotions involve acknowledging and responding empathetically to the patient's emotional reactions. Finally, strategy and summary focus on developing a plan for the future and summarizing the key points discussed.

SPIKES is widely taught in medical education and is considered a valuable tool for improving communication skills when delivering challenging medical information. Its systematic approach aims to enhance patient satisfaction, reduce anxiety, and ensure better adherence to treatment plans by fostering trust and open dialogue between the patient and the healthcare provider.