Süntaksipuid

Süntaksipuid, also known as parse trees or abstract syntax trees (ASTs) in English, are fundamental data structures used in computer science, particularly in compilers and interpreters. They represent the grammatical structure of source code in a hierarchical tree format. Each node in the tree typically represents a construct in the source code, such as an expression, a statement, or a declaration. The root of the tree represents the entire program or a major section of it.

The structure of a syntax tree reflects the syntactic rules of the programming language. For example, in an expression like "2 + 3 * 4", the syntax tree would likely have the '+' operator as the root, with '2' as its left child and the subtree representing "3 * 4" as its right child. This reflects the order of operations, where multiplication is performed before addition. This hierarchical representation makes it easier for compilers to analyze, transform, and optimize code.

Syntax trees are generated during the parsing phase of compilation. A parser takes a sequence of tokens (words or symbols from the source code) and builds the tree based on the language's grammar. Abstract syntax trees are a variation that often omits certain syntactic details that are not essential for semantic analysis or code generation, making them more concise and focused on the meaning of the code. They are crucial for tasks like type checking, intermediate code generation, and ultimately, translating the source code into machine code or an executable program.