Sóvisszatartás

Sóvisszatartás, also known as sodium retention, is a physiological process where the kidneys hold onto more sodium than usual, leading to increased sodium levels in the body. This condition can be caused by various factors, including certain medications, underlying medical conditions, and dietary habits.

When the body retains excess sodium, it also holds onto more water. This can result in fluid retention, which may manifest as swelling in the hands, feet, and ankles. In more severe cases, fluid can accumulate in the lungs (pulmonary edema) or abdomen (ascites). Elevated sodium levels in the blood, known as hypernatremia, can also occur, leading to symptoms like thirst, confusion, and muscle weakness.

Several medical conditions can contribute to sóvisszatartás. Heart failure is a common cause, as the weakened heart struggles to pump blood effectively, prompting the kidneys to retain sodium and water to maintain blood volume. Kidney disease can also impair the kidneys' ability to regulate sodium excretion. Hormonal imbalances, such as those seen in Cushing's syndrome or primary aldosteronism, can also lead to increased sodium reabsorption.

Certain medications, particularly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and some blood pressure medications like ACE inhibitors and diuretics, can interfere with sodium balance. Dietary intake of sodium plays a significant role; a diet high in sodium can overwhelm the body's ability to excrete it.

Management of sóvisszatartás typically involves addressing the underlying cause. This may include adjusting medications, treating heart failure or kidney disease, and implementing dietary changes. Reducing sodium intake is a crucial step in managing fluid retention and blood pressure. In some cases, diuretics may be prescribed to help the kidneys excrete excess sodium and water. Monitoring fluid balance and electrolyte levels is essential to ensure effective treatment.