Röntgenfoto

Röntgenfoto, or X-ray image, is a radiographic representation produced by exposing body tissues to X-rays and recording the transmitted radiation on film or a digital detector. The technique, developed after Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays in 1895, enables visualization of internal structures without incision. Bones, dense tissues, and foreign objects absorb more X-rays and appear light on the image, while soft tissues appear in shades of gray and air appears dark.

During a radiographic exam, the patient is positioned relative to an X-ray tube and detector. The tube emits X-rays in a controlled pulse; exposure factors such as kVp and mAs determine penetration and image contrast. Modern radiography commonly uses digital detectors, enabling immediate viewing and a lower radiation dose than traditional film.

X-ray imaging has broad medical use: diagnostic imaging of the chest, abdomen, spine, joints, and extremities; dental radiographs reveal tooth structures and surrounding bone; fluoroscopy provides real-time motion imaging for guidance during procedures. In addition to medicine, radiography is used in veterinary practice and industrial nondestructive testing.

Safety and regulation: X-rays are ionizing radiation; imaging uses the ALARA principle to keep exposure as low as reasonably achievable. Shielding, proper technique, and justification of each examination reduce risk, and special considerations apply for pregnant patients and children.