Réductions

Réductions is the plural of réduction, a general term used across many domains to describe the act or result of making something smaller, simpler, or lesser.

In commerce, a réduction refers to a discount or price cut offered to customers, often during sales, promotions, or bulk purchases. They can be permanent, seasonal, or contingent on conditions such as quantity or membership.

In mathematics and computer science, reduction denotes transforming a concept or problem into a simpler form or into a known type. Examples include reducing a fraction to lowest terms, reducing a matrix to echelon form, or establishing reductions between decision problems in complexity theory.

In chemistry, réduction denotes the gain of electrons, accompanied by a decrease in oxidation state; it is the counterpart of oxidation. Reducing agents donate electrons and enable redox reactions.

In medicine, reduction refers to realigning bone fragments after a fracture, which can be performed closed (non-surgically) or as an open reduction with surgery. The term also appears in broader contexts to describe the restoration or simplification of structures.

In music, réductions are condensed arrangements of orchestral works for keyboard or small ensembles, typically used for study, rehearsal, or publication. They have historical importance in facilitating performance practices and education outside full orchestral resources.