Ryggmärgsinflammation

Ryggmärgsinflammation, also known as myelit, is a neurological disorder characterized by inflammation of the spinal cord. This inflammation can damage nerve fibers, leading to a range of symptoms that depend on the location and severity of the affected area. The onset of symptoms can be sudden or gradual and may include pain, weakness or paralysis in the limbs, sensory disturbances such as numbness or tingling, and bladder or bowel dysfunction.

The causes of ryggmärgsinflammation are diverse. It can be triggered by infections, including viral infections like enteroviruses, herpesviruses, and West Nile virus, as well as bacterial or fungal infections. In some cases, it can be an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the spinal cord. This can occur as a primary demyelinating disease, such as transverse myelitis, or as part of broader autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis. Other potential causes include vascular issues affecting blood supply to the spinal cord or reactions to vaccinations.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough neurological examination, medical history, and imaging techniques such as MRI to visualize the spinal cord inflammation. Lumbar puncture to analyze cerebrospinal fluid may also be performed to identify infectious agents or inflammatory markers. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, manage symptoms, and address the underlying cause. This can include corticosteroids, plasma exchange, or antiviral or antibiotic medications depending on the etiology. Rehabilitation therapies, such as physical and occupational therapy, are crucial for regaining function and improving quality of life. The prognosis varies widely, with some individuals recovering fully while others may experience permanent neurological deficits.