Ryggmärgsprov

Ryggmärgsprov, also known as a lumbar puncture or spinal tap, is a medical procedure used to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the lower part of the spinal canal. This fluid surrounds the brain and spinal cord, acting as a protective cushion and transporting nutrients. The procedure is typically performed by a healthcare professional, often a neurologist or radiologist.

To conduct a ryggmärgsprov, the patient usually lies on their side with their knees drawn up towards their chest, or sits bent over a table. This position helps to widen the spaces between the vertebrae in the lower back, making it easier to insert a needle. The skin in the lumbar region is cleaned and sterilized, and a local anesthetic is often administered to numb the area. A thin, hollow needle is then carefully inserted between two vertebrae, typically below the level where the spinal cord ends, to avoid injury.

Once the needle is in place, a small amount of CSF is withdrawn for analysis. This fluid can provide valuable information for diagnosing a variety of conditions, including infections of the brain and spinal cord (such as meningitis and encephalitis), inflammatory diseases (like multiple sclerosis), certain types of cancer, and bleeding in the brain. The collected CSF is sent to a laboratory for examination. The procedure itself is generally quick, and complications are rare, though some patients may experience a headache afterward.