Rybelsus

Rybelsus is the brand name for oral semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. It is notable as the first GLP-1 receptor agonist that can be taken by mouth; previously GLP-1 therapies were injectable.

Indications include improving glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes as an adjunct to diet and exercise. It may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents such as metformin, SGLT2 inhibitors, or sulfonylureas. It is not indicated for type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis.

Rybelsus is taken once daily as an oral tablet on an empty stomach. The tablet should be swallowed with no more than 4 ounces of water at least 30 minutes before the first food, drink, or other oral medications of the day. Do not crush or split the tablet. After taking, wait at least 30 minutes before eating. Dosing begins with 3 mg daily for 30 days, then 7 mg daily; if needed, the dose may be increased to 14 mg daily after at least four weeks of treatment. The maximum recommended daily dose is 14 mg.

Semaglutide acts by activating GLP-1 receptors, increasing glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon, and slowing gastric emptying. It often reduces appetite and body weight. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased appetite. Serious risks may include pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, and potential thyroid C-cell tumors in animal studies.

Regulatory status: Rybelsus was approved by the U.S. FDA in 2019 for type 2 diabetes and is marketed by Novo Nordisk. It has since received approvals in other regions, with ongoing evaluations of long-term safety, cardiovascular outcomes, and comparative efficacy with injectable GLP-1 therapies.