Ruwvoer

Ruwvoer, or roughage, is a category of fibrous plant-based feeds used primarily for ruminant and hindgut-fed animals. It is characterized by high fiber content and relatively low energy density, providing bulk, chewing activity and fermentable substrates for the gut flora. Common examples include hay, silage or other fermented forages, fresh pasture, and, in some diets, straw with limited nutritive value.

Quality roughage varies with plant species, maturity at harvest, and preservation method. High-quality roughage typically has a favorable leaf-to-stem ratio, good digestibility, and sufficient moisture for palatability. Poor-quality roughage may be low in crude fiber digestibility, contain excessive lignin, or be contaminated by mold, weeds or excessive dust.

In animal nutrition, roughage is essential for rumen function, milk production support, and digestive health. It promotes rumination, stimulates saliva production, helps maintain stable pH, and provides energy primarily through volatile fatty acids produced during fermentation. While roughage alone usually cannot meet the energy requirements of high-producing animals, it is usually fed in combination with concentrates to form a balanced diet.

Ruwvoer should be available ad libitum or in appropriate allowances, stored under conditions that protect nutritional quality, and regularly assessed for safety and palatability. In pasture systems, grazing management influences intake and sward composition, affecting both intake and fiber quality.