Ruwgrassen

Ruwgrassen is a Dutch term used to describe a group of grasses characterized by a rough texture on their leaves and stems. The term does not denote a single taxonomic unit; rather it describes plant traits and habitat associations within the grass family, Poaceae. In practice, ruwgrassen include species from several genera, such as Festuca, Dactylis, Agrostis, Lolium, and Poa, among others.

Description: Ruwgrassen typically have stiff, coarse leaf blades that feel rough to the touch. They are often tuft-forming or tussocky and can form dense swards. Inflorescences are generally panicles or spikes typical of grasses. The roughness may stem from a thick cuticle, surface pubescence, or the presence of dense short hairs on the leaf surface.

Habitat and distribution: These grasses occur in temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. They are common on dry, nutrient-poor soils, heathlands, and other well-drained grasslands, as well as disturbed sites. Many species are well adapted to grazing, drought, and occasional mowing.

Ecology and conservation: Ruwgrassen contribute to soil stabilization and biodiversity in semi-natural grasslands. They often form a structural component of low-nutrient habitats that support specialised herbs and invertebrates. Intensification of agriculture, soil drainage, and land abandonment can threaten ruwgrassen-rich communities, reducing diversity as more competitive grasses and forbs spread.

Uses and management: In restoration and land management, ruwgrassen are used in seed mixtures for robust pastures, erosion control, and biodiversity-friendly grasslands. They are less common in high-input lawns, where finer grasses are preferred.

See also: rough grassland, Poaceae, grassland management, habitat restoration