Rope

A rope is a length of fibers twisted or braided into a flexible line capable of transmitting force. Ropes are used to secure, lift, pull, or support loads and people. They vary in composition, construction, diameter, and strength.

Materials and construction vary. Natural-fiber ropes are made from hemp, Manila, sisal, or cotton, while synthetic ropes use nylon (polyamide), polyester, polypropylene, or high-modulus polyethylene (HMPE). Ropes are constructed as laid ropes, with multiple strands twisted together, or braided ropes, formed by interlacing fibers. Kernmantle rope combines a core (kern) that provides tensile strength with an outer protective sheath (mantle) that resists abrasion.

Properties and safety. Strength depends on material and construction. Nylon offers high elasticity and good shock absorption, making it suitable for dynamic loads; polyester provides strength and UV resistance with less stretch; polypropylene is lightweight and buoyant but generally weaker and less durable; natural fibers can degrade with moisture and rot. Ropes are rated by diameter, tensile strength, and working load limits. Static ropes have minimal stretch and are used for rappelling and rope access, while dynamic ropes are designed to elongate under load to absorb energy. Regular inspection for wear, fraying, core damage, and chemical exposure is essential, and damaged ropes should be retired according to applicable standards.

Uses and history. Ropes have been used since ancient times for sailing, construction, and lifting. Today they are essential in climbing, rescue, towing, rigging, agriculture, theater, and industrial work. The development of synthetic fibers and standardized testing has improved strength, durability, and safety across applications.