Rinoviruset

Rinoviruset is a genus of viruses within the family Picornaviridae. These viruses are the most common cause of the common cold in humans. Rinoviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. There are over 160 known serotypes of human rhinoviruses, which are classified into three species: HRV-A, HRV-B, and HRV-C.

Infection with rhinovirus typically occurs through respiratory droplets expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can be inhaled directly or transferred to the eyes, nose, or mouth via contaminated hands or surfaces. The virus then replicates in the epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract, leading to symptoms such as a runny nose, sore throat, cough, and sneezing. While generally mild, rhinovirus infections can sometimes lead to more serious complications, particularly in infants, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions like asthma.

Diagnosis is usually based on clinical symptoms, as specific laboratory testing for rhinovirus is not routinely performed for common colds. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, as there are no specific antiviral drugs for rhinovirus infections. Prevention strategies include frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces. Research continues to explore the development of broad-spectrum antiviral therapies and vaccines against rhinovirus.