Rikkoutumisjännitteen

Rikkoutumisjännitteen, often translated as breakdown voltage, refers to the maximum voltage that an electrical insulating material can withstand before it starts to conduct electricity. When the applied voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage, the insulating properties of the material are compromised, leading to a sudden surge in current. This phenomenon can cause permanent damage to the insulator and potentially lead to electrical failure or short circuits.

The breakdown voltage of a material depends on several factors, including the material's composition, thickness, temperature, and the presence of impurities. Different insulating materials have vastly different breakdown voltages. For example, air has a relatively low breakdown voltage compared to materials like mica or specialized ceramics used in high-voltage applications. The strength of an electric field, measured in volts per unit distance, is often more relevant than the total voltage itself, as it dictates the stress on the insulating material.

Understanding and specifying the breakdown voltage is crucial in the design and safe operation of electrical equipment. It helps engineers select appropriate insulating materials to prevent electrical arcing, dielectric breakdown, and component failure, ensuring reliability and safety in various electrical systems.