RhoG

RHOG, commonly referred to as RhoG, is a gene encoding a member of the Rho family of small GTPases. As with other GTPases, the encoded protein functions as a molecular switch that cycles between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state, thereby influencing signaling pathways that regulate the actin cytoskeleton and membrane trafficking.

In cells, RhoG participates in actin cytoskeleton remodeling, controlling cell shape, adhesion, and migration. It plays a role in endocytosis and phagocytosis, particularly in macrophages, and can promote formation of membrane ruffles and protrusions that are characteristic of dynamic actin remodeling. Through signaling networks, RhoG can feed into Rac1 and Cdc42 pathways, often via the ELMO–DOCK complex, to amplify downstream effects on actin dynamics.

RHOG is expressed in many tissues, with functional relevance in immune cells and endothelial cells, among others. Its activity is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that promote GTP loading and by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that accelerate GTP hydrolysis; lipid modifications help target the protein to membranes where it can interact with effectors.

Clinical and biological contexts have linked RHOG to processes such as cancer cell motility, angiogenesis, and immune cell function, though its role can be context-dependent and is the subject of ongoing research. In summary, RHOG/RhoG is a small GTPase that contributes to actin-driven cellular behaviors and membrane trafficking through regulated signaling networks.