Rezonátoru

Rezonátoru refers to a device or system that stores and sustains oscillatory energy at or near a characteristic frequency. In general, a resonator has a natural frequency (or angular frequency) at which it responds most strongly to excitation. When driven near this frequency, energy continuously exchanges between different forms within the system, while losses cause the oscillation to decay over time. A key property is the quality factor, or Q, which quantifies how sharply the resonance is defined and how slowly energy leaks from the system.

Resonators come in several broad classes. Mechanical or acoustic resonators confine and reflect sound or vibrations, as in musical instruments or membrane systems. Electrical resonators use reactive elements such as inductors and capacitors to create circulating energy at radio or microwave frequencies, with quartz crystal resonators being a well-known precision example. Optical resonators confine light in cavities or waveguides, enabling lasers and high-precision optical filters. Many resonators rely on boundary conditions and interference to support specific resonant modes, and their performance depends on factors such as material losses, geometry, and coupling to external signals.

Important parameters include the resonance frequency, bandwidth, and Q factor, as well as mode structure and coupling efficiency. Practical resonators are designed to achieve stable, selective response while minimizing unwanted losses and ensuring compatibility with the surrounding system. Applications span filters and oscillators in communications, timing references, sensors, spectroscopy, and various photonics and laser technologies.