Rettferdiggjøring

Rettferdiggjøring refers to the theological concept of being declared righteous or just in the sight of God. This is a central doctrine in Christianity, particularly within Protestant traditions, though the term and its nuances are discussed in various theological frameworks. It is understood as an act by God that makes a sinner acceptable to Him, not through their own merit, but through the atoning sacrifice of Jesus Christ.

The concept is often contrasted with sanctification, which is a process of becoming holy. Rettferdiggjøring is typically viewed as a one-time, declarative act. It addresses the penalty of sin and restores a right relationship with God. Key theological ideas associated with rettferdiggjøring include imputation, where the righteousness of Christ is credited to the believer, and forgiveness of sins.

Different theological perspectives exist on how this state of being declared righteous is achieved and received. Some emphasize faith alone as the means of receiving God's grace for justification, while others include the role of sacraments or works as part of the process, depending on the specific denomination or theological tradition. The understanding of the basis for God's declaration of righteousness—whether it is purely God's sovereign act or involves human cooperation—is a significant point of theological discussion and differentiation. The term itself originates from Latin "iustificatio" and has been a subject of extensive theological debate throughout Christian history.