Retentionsapparaturen

Retentionsapparatur refers to devices used in orthodontics to maintain the position of teeth after active treatment with braces or other appliances. The primary purpose of a retention appliance is to prevent relapse of the corrected alignment by holding teeth in their newly achieved positions while periodontal and skeletal tissues stabilize.

There are two main categories of retention devices: fixed and removable. Fixed retention is typically achieved with a thin wire bonded to the lingual or buccal surfaces of the posterior teeth, most commonly using a metal or ceramic bracket system. This type of appliance provides continuous force and eliminates patient compliance issues, but it can be difficult to clean and may experience fracture. Removable retention is worn in the mouth using a composite or acrylic material, designed as an in‑traum or mouthguard style appliance. Patients must wear it according to prescribed hours, usually at night for a period ranging from several months to a few years, depending on the severity of malocclusion and individual risk of relapse.

Materials used for retention range from stainless steel and titanium alloys to niobium and ceramic in fixed systems, and polyethylene or PMMA in removable systems. Some modern removable retainers are produced by CAD/CAM or 3‑D printing, offering a high degree of customization and comfort.

Indications for using a retention appliance include stable correction of overjet, overbite, crowding, spacing, and significant rotations. Orthodontists recommend a minimum of 12–36 months of retention for mild cases, with longer periods for complex cases or when the patient is adolescent.

Benefits of retention devices are clear: reduced relapse rates, maintenance of aesthetic results, and minimization of the need for repeat treatment. Drawbacks can include irritation, difficulty maintaining oral hygiene, and the cost associated with manufacturing and individual fittings. Proper instruction on care and regular follow‑up appointments are essential to ensure long‑term success.