Resolviinit

Resolviinit, commonly referred to in English as resolvins, are a class of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators derived from the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). They were identified in the early 2000s by researchers including Charles N. Serhan as active drivers of the resolution phase of inflammation, helping restore tissue homeostasis rather than merely suppressing inflammatory responses.

Biosynthesis: EPA is converted into E-series resolvins (RvE1, RvE2, RvE3) via pathways involving cyclooxygenase-2 and/or cytochrome P450 and 5-lipoxygenase. DHA gives rise to D-series resolvins (RvD1–RvD6) through 5-LO and 15-LO activities. Aspirin-triggered forms (AT-RvEs) also exist. Other related mediators from DHA include maresins and protectins.

Actions: Resolviinit limit neutrophil infiltration, stimulate macrophage efferocytosis, and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while promoting tissue repair and restoration of function in inflamed tissues. They act as part of the broader system of specialized pro-resolving mediators that coordinate the end of inflammatory processes.

Clinical relevance: In preclinical studies resolvins reduce pathology in models of arthritis, sepsis, cardiovascular disease, and neuroinflammation. However, they are not approved as medicines, and research continues to define their receptors, signaling pathways, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic potential.

Terminology and receptors: main receptor interactions include ChemR23 (for RvE1), GPR32 and ALX/FPR2 (for some D-series resolvins), among others. See also lipoxins, protectins, maresins, and omega-3 fatty acids.