RvE2

Resolvin E2 (RvE2) is a specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). It belongs to the resolvin E-series, a group of bioactive lipids that contribute to the active termination of inflammation and the promotion of tissue repair. RvE2 was identified as one of several EPA-derived mediators produced during the resolution phase of acute inflammation.

Biosynthesis and metabolism: In inflammatory sites, EPA is enzymatically converted by lipoxygenases in leukocytes and other cells to E-series resolvins, including RvE2. In some systems, aspirin can modify COX-2 to generate 18R-HEPE, a precursor in the biosynthetic pathway toward E-series resolvins. RvE2 can be rapidly metabolized and inactivated by standard lipid mediator pathways.

Biological activity: RvE2 exerts pro-resolving actions, limiting neutrophil recruitment, reducing vascular permeability, and enhancing macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis). These effects contribute to the termination of inflammatory responses and restoration of tissue homeostasis. The receptor targets of RvE2 are an active area of research; while RvE1 signals through CMKLR1/ChemR23 and can interact with BLT1, the precise receptor interactions of RvE2 may overlap with or differ from other E-series resolvins.

Clinical and research context: RvE2 has been detected in human plasma and tissues and is studied in models of acute and chronic inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular conditions. Altered levels of E-series resolvins, including RvE2, are associated with inflammatory disease states, and strategies to boost EPA-derived resolvins or stabilize resolvins are under investigation. As with other specialized pro-resolving mediators, RvE2 is part of a broader network that governs the resolution of inflammation.