Referenzkörper

Referenzkörper (German: "reference body") is a general term for a physical or conceptual object used as a stable standard, datum or model against which measurements, simulations or alignments are compared. The term appears in multiple technical fields, including metrology, engineering, computer graphics, biomechanics and medical imaging, where it denotes artefacts or reference configurations that provide repeatable, well-characterized properties.

In metrology a Referenzkörper may be a gauge block, reference weight, surface plate or calibration artifact with known dimensions, mass or surface characteristics. Such bodies support traceability to national or international standards and enable reproducible measurement and instrument calibration. Key properties are stability, homogeneity and documented uncertainty.

In engineering and computer graphics the term describes a defined coordinate body or template used to align parts, register scans or define a neutral geometry for tolerance analysis. In biomechanics and continuum mechanics a Referenzkörper can mean the reference configuration of a deformable body against which strains and displacements are measured. In medical imaging it commonly refers to calibration phantoms that mimic tissue properties to validate imaging systems.

Selection and use of a Referenzkörper depend on the application’s required precision, environmental stability and traceability. Proper characterization, documentation and periodic verification are essential to maintain its role as a reliable standard. The concept underpins consistent measurement, model validation and interoperability across instruments and workflows.