Referenz

Referenz is a German noun meaning reference. It covers several related ideas across different fields: a cited source used to support statements, a reference or pointer in computing, and a person or document that vouches for someone's qualifications.

In scholarly writing, a Referenz denotes a source cited to substantiate claims. The list of such sources is typically called Referenzen or, more commonly in German, Quellenangaben; the complete catalog of cited works is found in the Literaturverzeichnis.

In HR and recruitment, a Referenz is a person or document that confirms a candidate's work experience and abilities. A Referenzgeber may be contacted by an employer to verify qualifications. Consent is usually required, and references should be accurate and up to date.

In computing, a Referenz represents a value that points to another object in memory. In languages such as Java or C#, references reference objects rather than copying them, while languages like C use pointers. The concept contrasts with value types.

Etymology and usage notes: Referenz derives from French référence. In German, Referenz is common with plural Referenzen; related terms include Beleg, Quellenangabe, and Referenzperson. It is distinct from similar terms such as Referat (a presentation) or Referenzrahmen (reference frame) in specialized contexts.